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Outline of the life safety (2021-2022, 10th grade)

Synopsis

When I was in school, my life safety teacher was a retired military man. Below is an outline I wrote in my 10th grade class (2021-2022) in his classes.

Table of contents

1. What is civil defense?
2. Weapons of mass destruction
   1. Nuclear weapons
   2. Chemical weapons
   3. Biological (bacteriological) weapons
3. Conventional means of destruction
4. Personal protective equipment
   1. Gas masks

1. What is civil defense?

Civil defense is a system of public defense activities, сonducted in peacetime and wartime to protect the population from weapons of mass destruction and other means of destruction of the enemy, and carrying out rescue operations in hotbeds of defeat and areas of natural disasters.

Tasks of civil defense:

1. Protection of the population.
   • Public warnings.
   • Providing personal protective equipment.
   • Population evacuation.
   • The sheltering of the population in the means of complex protection.
   • Universal, compulsory training in civil defense.
2. Ensuring sustainable operation of national economy facilities.
3. Conducting urgent rescue and recovery operations.
4. Protection of agricultural production.

2. Weapons of mass destruction

2.1. Nuclear weapons

1. August 6, 1945 (08:15) - Hiroshima, "Little Boy" bomb.
   • Instant casualties: 87,000 people.
2. August 9, 1945 - Nagasaki, "Fat Man" bomb.
   • Instant casualties: 28,000 people.
   • Deaths from radiation sickness: 300,000 (through the end of August).

Generations of nuclear weapons:

1. Atomic (Hiroshima, Nagasaki)
2. Thermonuclear
3. Neutron (80% of energy is penetrating radiation)
4. Combined
5. Cobalt bomb (designed but not built)

Affecting factors:

• Shockwave (50% energy)
• Light emission (25% energy)
• Radiation contamination (10% energy)
• Penetrating radiation (20-25 seconds, 4% energy)
• Electromagnetic radiation (1.2% energy)

2.2. Chemical weapons

Chemical weapons are weapons based on the toxic properties of chemicals and their means of delivery.

Classification of poisonous substances:

• Nervoparaletic (Zorin, Zoman)
  • Odorless.
  • No color.
  • Oily to the touch.
  • Affects the skin and respiratory organs.
  • The first sign is oily streaks on the walls.
• Dermal blast (Mustard Gas)
  • It works 2 to 3 hours after contact with skin.
  • It corrodes the skin.
  • Affects the skin and respiratory organs.
• Asphyxiating (Phosgene)
  • Affects the respiratory organs.
• Generally poisonous (Hydrocyanic Acid, Chloro Cyanide)
  • Affects the respiratory organs.
• Psychochemical action
  • Effects on the nervous system (psychotropic substances).
  • As a rule, they are not lethal.
  • They have a short duration of action.
• Irritants
  • They are used to disperse rallies.
  • Not lethal, have a short-term effect.

2.3. Biological (bacteriological) weapons

Biological weapons - weapons based on the use of pathogenic properties of microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi) and their means of delivery.

Difficulties of the struggle:

• Difficult to detect (many diseases have similar symptoms).
• Large coverage of the territory.
• Speed of propagation.
• The presence of an incubation period.

Methods of fighting:

• Observation (restriction of contacts between people).
• Quarantine (closing off everything and everyone).

3. Conventional means of destruction

• Fire and impact ammunition (fragmentation, high-explosive, shaped-charge ammunition).
• High-precision weapons (Kalibr).
• Concrete killer shells.
• Flamethrower systems (TOS-1, TOS-1A).
• Volumetric explosive ammunition (burns out oxygen, increases temperature).
• Hypersonic weapons (Kalibr, Zirkon, Poseidon).
• Grenade F1:
  • Type: defensive.
  • Weight: 600 gr.
  • Fragmentation radius: 200 meters.
  • Ignition time: 3.2 to 4.2 seconds.
• RGD-5 grenade:
  • Type: offensive.
  • Fragmentation radius: 25 meters.
• Anti-personnel mines:
  • Trigger time: 0.1 second.
  • It's hard to detect.
• Anti-tank mines (TM26M):
  • It won't work on a person.
  • It's hard to detect.
  • Can be set to unrecoverable.

4. Personal protective equipment

Types of personal protective equipment:

• Respiratory protection equipment.
• Skin protectors.

4.1. Gas masks

Types of gas masks:

• Isolating (closed breathing system).
• Filtering.

Types of filtering gas masks:

• DP-6M - children's gas mask for small children (mask + tube + box).
• GP-4U is an advanced civilian gas mask (mask + tube + box).
• GP-5 (helmet-mask + box).
• GP-5M (helmet-mask with ears + intercom + box).
• General military gas mask (helmet mask + tube + large box).
• GP-7 (helmet-mask + intercom + box on the side).
• Boxless gas mask (helmet-mask + box built into the mask).

Selection of the helmet-mask:

1. Measure the circumference of the head in centimeters.
2. Choose the right size:
   • 0 - < 63 cm.
   • 1 - 63.5-65.5 cm.
   • 2 - 66-68 cm.
   • 3 - 68.5-70.5 cm.
   • 4 - > 71 cm.

Selection of the mask:

1. Measure the height of the face in millimeters.
2. Choose the right size:
   • 1 - 99-109 mm.
   • 2 - 109-119 mm.
   • 3 - > 119 mm.